Causes Of Acne

The traditional method of face mapping links specific locations of acne on the face to health issues affecting organs or systems elsewhere in the body.

Face mapping comes from ancient Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. However, there is little scientific evidence to support the theory that health issues with organs in the body relate to where acne breaks out on the face.

However, some research does suggest that specific factors can relate to acne on certain areas of the face. We look at the evidence in this article.

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Acne develops when the pores in the skin become clogged with dead skin cells and oil. The result is whiteheads and blackheads.

Acne around the hairline and temples, called forehead acne, may be due to the use of certain hair products. When this is the case, it is called pomade acne. This can affect both males and females with any skin type.

When oily or waxy hair products spread to the nearby skin of the face, they can block the pores. This can cause acne breakouts.

Factors That Causes Acne

Certain ingredients in cosmetic products, such as pomades, may cause acne. Using noncomedogenic haircare products may help prevent acne from forming around the hairline.

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, which is an oily substance that moisturizes and protects the skin. Excess sebum production can cause acne.

Looked at 914 people with acne. The researchers found a link between sebum production and the amount of acne in the T-zone, which covers the forehead and nose.

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Breakouts on the cheeks can occur as a result of acne mechanica, which develops due to friction or rubbing of the skin.

For example, this may occur when a person holds a cell phone against their face, when they move against the pillow in their sleep, and when they wear a piece of equipment or clothing that has a chin strap.

Acne mechanica is not restricted to the cheeks, however. It can occur in different areas of the body depending on the specific occlusive clothing or activity. It is most commonly recognized in athletes.

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Scientists have tended to link acne around the jawline to fluctuations in hormones. However, other researchers have challenged and refuted this notion.

There is no evidence to suggest that acne around the jaw and chin will accurately predict if a person has a hormonal disturbance.

Since many people with acne do not have hormone abnormalities, however, other factors — such as increased sensitivity of oil glands to hormones — may be the cause.

What Causes Acne?

For inflammatory acne, including severe cases, a doctor may prescribe a course of antibiotics to fight off bacteria and reduce inflammation. This can be in the form of topical or oral antibiotics.

Isotretinoin, or Accutane, is a drug that treats severe acne. People usually take it over 4–5 months, although treatment durations can vary from person to person.

However, isotretinoin can have serious side effects. People should discuss these effects with a doctor before starting the treatment, and they should only take the medication under ongoing medical supervision.

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A doctor may suggest taking combined oral contraceptives to treat hormonal acne. There are several approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating acne.

, combined oral contraceptives may be just as effective as oral antibiotics. Other progesterone-only contraceptives, such as Nexplanon, may make acne worse.

Using a combined therapy of an oral contraceptive and spironolactone resulted in 85% of the participants having cleared or improved acne after 6 months.

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Gently wash the face once or twice per day, as well as after exercising or sweating, with a mild, nonabrasive cleanser and lukewarm water.

Avoid touching the face frequently, as rubbing the skin often may also cause acne. Also, be sure to sleep with clean sheets and pillowcases.

Keeping the hair away from the face and washing the hair after using oily or waxy products may help reduce acne around the hairline.

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Has found that people living in countries that have a low GI diet, such as Papua New Guinea and Paraguay, have no reports of acne.

Of 43 men with acne found that over the course of 12 weeks, following a low GI diet reduced their acne more than a high carbohydrate diet.

. This may be due to the hormones still present in the milk or the glycemic load. This tends to occur with skim milk, in particular.

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Scientific studies suggest that acne on certain areas of the face may be due to bacteria, excess oil production, hormonal changes, or external factors such as the use of waxy hair products.

If these treatment methods are not effective, or if people have long lasting or severe acne, people can see their doctor or dermatologist for treatment.

Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link primary sources — including studies, scientific references, and statistics — within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.Acne is a common skin condition which causes spots, oily skin and in some cases the skin can become painful and hot to touch. The condition occurs when your hair follicles become clogged up with oil and dead skin cells. 

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The appearance of acne is usually characterised by a mixture of whiteheads and blackheads (known as comedones) and also some pus-filled spots (known as pustules).

Acne is particularly common among teenagers, but as many as 95% of us will experience some kind of acne between the ages of 11 and 30. People are likely to experience the symptoms of acne on and off over several years before the condition improves, however, some people experience acne well into later life. 

As previously mentioned acne is caused by the hair follicles becoming blocked. The glands attached to the hair follicles, called the sebaceous glands, produce an oil called sebum to keep the skin and hair hydrated. If you have acne the glands begin to produce too much sebum, causing the follicles to get blocked. 

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Depending on how close to the surface the blockage is and how the surrounding skin reacts with it,  you'll either end up with a blackhead or a whitehead. If there are bacteria caught inside the blockage you might get a papule or a pustule, and sometimes this can progress to nodules or cysts.

It is thought that acne in teenagers is caused by increasing levels of testosterone during puberty. This affects both boys and girls. 

Sebaceous glands seem to produce more sebum when there are increased levels of testosterone in the body, so this is likely to cause this blockage of the pores. 

Drug Induced Acne

Women are more susceptible to adult acne than men and this is likely to be caused by the changes in hormone levels due to periods, pregnancy or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome. 

It is thought that acne runs in families - if both your parents had teenage acne, it is more likely that you will develop acne yourself.

Studies have shown that acne in your teenage years is more likely if both your parents had acne. The same goes for adult acne - if one of your parents have or had this, you also have a higher chance of developing adult acne. 

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If your skin regularly comes into contact with oily cosmetics or with grease in a work area, such as a kitchen with fat fryers, you might find this causes acne or makes your condition worse. 

Sweating a lot can also block the pores and cause acne. If you sweat a lot during exercise, make sure you shower afterwards and use a fresh towel.

​​​​​​There are a variety of different types of spots that people experience with acne. Some people may have a mixture of these spots, while others may only be affected by whiteheads for example. 

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As we’ve discussed, blocked follicles that are at the skin’s surface will become blackheads. They get their colour because oxygen in the air reacts with the pigment in the oil causing the blockage to turn black. 

Whiteheads are often mistaken for pustules, but there is actually no pus or swelling. Whiteheads develop when there are blocked follicles beneath the skin’s surface and the opening of the hair follicle is forced to close around the blockage. 

When bacteria multiply within a blocked follicle and oil and dead skin cells begin to build up, there is a chance the follicle wall will tear open. When the wall tears, white blood cells rush to fight off the bacteria causing the inflammation. These white blood cells then cluster and form a pocket of pus, known as a papule. 

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Nodules and cysts are common terms for the largest papules and pustules. Nodules are large hard bumps that grow beneath the skin and can be quite painful. 

Cysts are often the most severe form of spot caused by acne. They can sometimes be confused for boils, as they look very similar. Cysts are the most likely to cause permanent scarring. Find out more about acne scars and treatments. 

If you look at the type of spot you have, you can compare this with our diagram to work

Acne Causes Images, Stock Photos & Vectors